{"id":11236,"date":"2025-02-20T07:44:04","date_gmt":"2025-02-20T07:44:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mathsuop.orizel.com\/?page_id=11236"},"modified":"2025-03-07T07:55:23","modified_gmt":"2025-03-07T07:55:23","slug":"em-2070-discrete-mathematics","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/eng.pdn.ac.lk\/maths\/em-2070-discrete-mathematics\/","title":{"rendered":"EM 1050: Discrete Mathematics"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"11236\" class=\"elementor elementor-11236\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-084a54d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"084a54d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f13400 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4f13400\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de1f885 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"de1f885\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Basic Details:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8c48b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f8c48b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;thim_ekit_motion_fx_mouse&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;thim_ekit_motion_fx_tilt_effect&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;thim_ekit_motion_fx_tilt_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:1,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong>Course Code<\/strong>: EM 1050<\/li><li><strong>Credits<\/strong>: 3<\/li><li><strong>Pre-requisites<\/strong>: None<\/li><li><strong>Compulsory\/Optional<\/strong>: Compulsory for Computer Engineering specialization<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b88759f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b88759f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86cea8d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"86cea8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aim :<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cf13df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cf13df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">To solve problems related to propositional and predicate calculus, mathematical models for computing machines and algorithms using fundamentals of number theory, algebraic structures, Boolean algebras and graph theory.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d06cbe elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7d06cbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ff70c7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5ff70c7\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8f921a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d8f921a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Intended Learning Outcomes:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-723b881 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"723b881\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>On successful completion of the course, the students should be able to;<\/p><ul><li><p class=\"p1\">Apply the concepts of number theory and algebraic structures to solve advanced mathematical \/physical problems.<\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"p1\">Simplify and evaluate statements in propositional and predicate logic and check the validity of an argument.<\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"p1\">Solve advanced mathematical and physical problems. Using graph theory and algorithms.<\/p><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc9874c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"cc9874c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-057446a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"057446a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20350e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"20350e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Couse Content:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ac4d11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-thim-accordion\" data-id=\"8ac4d11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"thim-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"thim-widget-accordion accordion-new-style\"><div id=\"accordion_8ac4d11\" class=\"panel-group\" role=\"tablist\" aria-multiselectable=\"true\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"panel panel-default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"panel-heading\" role=\"tab\"\n\t\t\t\t\t id=\"heading_accordion_8ac4d11_0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"panel-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a role=\"button\" class=\"collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   data-parent=\"#accordion_8ac4d11\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   href=\"#collapse_accordion_8ac4d11_0\" aria-expanded=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   aria-controls=\"collapse_accordion_8ac4d11_0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFundamentals\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"collapse_accordion_8ac4d11_0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"\n\t\t\t\t\t role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"heading_accordion_8ac4d11_0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"panel-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Set theory, relations and functions, axiomatic systems, ordinary<br \/>\nInduction, invariants, strong induction.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"panel panel-default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"panel-heading\" role=\"tab\"\n\t\t\t\t\t id=\"heading_accordion_8ac4d11_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"panel-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a role=\"button\" class=\"collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   data-parent=\"#accordion_8ac4d11\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   href=\"#collapse_accordion_8ac4d11_1\" aria-expanded=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   aria-controls=\"collapse_accordion_8ac4d11_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNumber Theory\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"collapse_accordion_8ac4d11_1\"\n\t\t\t\t\t class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"\n\t\t\t\t\t role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"heading_accordion_8ac4d11_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"panel-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Divisibility, the greatest common divisor, Modular arithmetic,<br \/>\nFermat\u2019s Little theorem, RSA algorithm.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"panel panel-default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"panel-heading\" role=\"tab\"\n\t\t\t\t\t id=\"heading_accordion_8ac4d11_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"panel-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a role=\"button\" class=\"collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   data-parent=\"#accordion_8ac4d11\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   href=\"#collapse_accordion_8ac4d11_2\" aria-expanded=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   aria-controls=\"collapse_accordion_8ac4d11_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAlgebraic Structures\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"collapse_accordion_8ac4d11_2\"\n\t\t\t\t\t class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"\n\t\t\t\t\t role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"heading_accordion_8ac4d11_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"panel-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Monoids, groups, rings and fields.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"panel panel-default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"panel-heading\" role=\"tab\"\n\t\t\t\t\t id=\"heading_accordion_8ac4d11_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"panel-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a role=\"button\" class=\"collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   data-parent=\"#accordion_8ac4d11\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   href=\"#collapse_accordion_8ac4d11_3\" aria-expanded=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   aria-controls=\"collapse_accordion_8ac4d11_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCombinatorics\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"collapse_accordion_8ac4d11_3\"\n\t\t\t\t\t class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"\n\t\t\t\t\t role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"heading_accordion_8ac4d11_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"panel-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Basic counting principles with permutations and combinations,<br \/>\nbasic combinatorics.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"panel panel-default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"panel-heading\" role=\"tab\"\n\t\t\t\t\t id=\"heading_accordion_8ac4d11_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"panel-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a role=\"button\" class=\"collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   data-parent=\"#accordion_8ac4d11\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   href=\"#collapse_accordion_8ac4d11_4\" aria-expanded=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   aria-controls=\"collapse_accordion_8ac4d11_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLogic and Proofs\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"collapse_accordion_8ac4d11_4\"\n\t\t\t\t\t class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"\n\t\t\t\t\t role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"heading_accordion_8ac4d11_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"panel-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Propositional and predicate logic, proof methods and strategy.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"panel panel-default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"panel-heading\" role=\"tab\"\n\t\t\t\t\t id=\"heading_accordion_8ac4d11_5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"panel-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a role=\"button\" class=\"collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   data-parent=\"#accordion_8ac4d11\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   href=\"#collapse_accordion_8ac4d11_5\" aria-expanded=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   aria-controls=\"collapse_accordion_8ac4d11_5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGraph Theory\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"collapse_accordion_8ac4d11_5\"\n\t\t\t\t\t class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"\n\t\t\t\t\t role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"heading_accordion_8ac4d11_5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"panel-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Graphs, representation of a graph in a computer, isomorphic<br \/>\ngraphs, Eulerian and Hamiltonian graphs, planar graphs, graph coloring,<br \/>\ntrees, spanning trees, binary trees, tree searching, and Hasse diagrams.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"panel panel-default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"panel-heading\" role=\"tab\"\n\t\t\t\t\t id=\"heading_accordion_8ac4d11_6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"panel-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a role=\"button\" class=\"collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   data-parent=\"#accordion_8ac4d11\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   href=\"#collapse_accordion_8ac4d11_6\" aria-expanded=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   aria-controls=\"collapse_accordion_8ac4d11_6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAlgorithms\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"collapse_accordion_8ac4d11_6\"\n\t\t\t\t\t class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"\n\t\t\t\t\t role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"heading_accordion_8ac4d11_6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"panel-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Greedy algorithms, searching and sorting algorithms, algorithms to<br \/>\nobtain minimum spanning tree and shortest path of a weighted graph, complexity of an algorithm.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"panel panel-default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"panel-heading\" role=\"tab\"\n\t\t\t\t\t id=\"heading_accordion_8ac4d11_7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"panel-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a role=\"button\" class=\"collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   data-parent=\"#accordion_8ac4d11\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   href=\"#collapse_accordion_8ac4d11_7\" aria-expanded=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   aria-controls=\"collapse_accordion_8ac4d11_7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMathematical models for Computing Machines\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"collapse_accordion_8ac4d11_7\"\n\t\t\t\t\t class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"\n\t\t\t\t\t role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"heading_accordion_8ac4d11_7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"panel-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Finite state machines, finite state<br \/>\nautomata, Turing machines.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7133136 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7133136\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78cef1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"78cef1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Time Allocation (Hours):<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97b0fa9 e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"97b0fa9\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1640844 elementor-widget elementor-widget-counter\" data-id=\"1640844\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"counter.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter-title\">Lectures<\/div>\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter-number-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number-prefix\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number\" data-duration=\"1000\" data-to-value=\"36\" data-from-value=\"0\" data-delimiter=\",\">0<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number-suffix\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-808daa8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-counter\" data-id=\"808daa8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"counter.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter-title\">Tutorials<\/div>\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter-number-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number-prefix\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number\" data-duration=\"1000\" data-to-value=\"9\" data-from-value=\"0\" data-delimiter=\",\">0<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number-suffix\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e84dcbb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e84dcbb\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-184f21a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"184f21a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd7ccbd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bd7ccbd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Recommended Texts:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd98c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36dd98c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><p class=\"p1\">D. K. Joshi, &#8220;Foundations of Discrete Mathematics&#8221;,(1989\/2015), Wiley-Inter Science.<\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"p1\">D. K. Joshi, &#8220;Applied Discrete Structures&#8221;,(2001\/2014), New Age International.<\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"p1\">Thomas Koshy, &#8220;Discrete Mathematics with Applications&#8221;,1<span class=\"s2\">st <\/span>edition,(2004), Elsevier Academic Press.<\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"p1\">Ian Anderson, &#8220;A First Course in Discrete Mathematics&#8221;, (2001), Springer-Verlag. London Limited.<\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"p1\">Kenneth H. Rossen Discrete Mathematics and Applications, (2002), McGraw-Hill Higher Education.<\/p><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e75cae8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"e75cae8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0310ef2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0310ef2\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fb40da elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9fb40da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Assessment:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-459293f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"459293f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">In - course:<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e261ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-progress\" data-id=\"3e261ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"progress.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-title\" id=\"elementor-progress-bar-3e261ba\">\n\t\t\t\tTutorials\/Assignments\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div aria-labelledby=\"elementor-progress-bar-3e261ba\" class=\"elementor-progress-wrapper\" role=\"progressbar\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"100\" aria-valuenow=\"20\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-progress-bar\" data-max=\"20\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-progress-text\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-progress-percentage\">20%<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db115d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-progress\" data-id=\"db115d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"progress.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-title\" id=\"elementor-progress-bar-db115d5\">\n\t\t\t\tMid Semester Examination\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div aria-labelledby=\"elementor-progress-bar-db115d5\" class=\"elementor-progress-wrapper\" role=\"progressbar\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"100\" aria-valuenow=\"30\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-progress-bar\" data-max=\"30\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-progress-text\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-progress-percentage\">30%<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56730bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"56730bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">End-semester:<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2e9848 elementor-widget elementor-widget-progress\" data-id=\"d2e9848\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"progress.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-progress-wrapper\" role=\"progressbar\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"100\" aria-valuenow=\"50\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-progress-bar\" data-max=\"50\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-progress-text\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-progress-percentage\">50%<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Basic Details: Course Code: EM 1050 Credits: 3 Pre-requisites: None Compulsory\/Optional: Compulsory for Computer Engineering specialization Aim : To solve problems related to propositional and predicate calculus, mathematical models for computing machines and algorithms using fundamentals of number theory, algebraic &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11236","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eng.pdn.ac.lk\/maths\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11236","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eng.pdn.ac.lk\/maths\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eng.pdn.ac.lk\/maths\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eng.pdn.ac.lk\/maths\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eng.pdn.ac.lk\/maths\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11236"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/eng.pdn.ac.lk\/maths\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11236\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12509,"href":"https:\/\/eng.pdn.ac.lk\/maths\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11236\/revisions\/12509"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eng.pdn.ac.lk\/maths\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11236"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}